The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on countries to increase taxes on sugary drinks and alcoholic beverages as a strategy to reduce their consumption and improve public health outcomes.
Rationale Behind Tax Increases
According to WHO, beverages high in sugar and alcohol are widely accessible and inexpensive in many parts of the world. This affordability contributes to rising rates of obesity, diabetes, cancer, and injuries. WHO emphasizes that higher taxes can discourage consumption of these harmful products while generating revenue for health, education, and social protection programs.
Current Taxation Landscape
- At least 116 countries currently impose taxes on sugary drinks such as sodas; however, many high-sugar products like 100% fruit juices, sweetened milk drinks, and ready-to-drink coffees and teas often remain untaxed.
- Regarding alcohol, 167 countries tax liquor, wine, and beer, but prices have generally stayed the same or become more affordable since 2022 due to taxes not being adjusted for inflation or income growth.
Health Risks Linked to Sugary Drinks and Alcohol
Regular consumption of sugary beverages is associated with several health issues, including:
- Increased risk of excess weight and obesity
- Type 2 diabetes
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Dental caries and osteoporosis
Alcohol consumption poses additional risks such as:
- Adverse effects on maternal and child health
- Greater exposure to communicable and noncommunicable diseases
- Mental health damage
- Higher likelihood of injuries to oneself and others
Evidence Supporting Taxation
WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus highlighted the success of taxation policies, citing the United Kingdom’s sugar tax introduced in 2018. The policy led to:
- Reduced sugar consumption
- £338 million in revenue generated in 2024 alone
- Lower obesity rates among girls aged 10 and 11, particularly in deprived communities
WHO’s Call to Action
The WHO urges governments to raise and redesign taxes on sugary drinks and alcohol as part of a broader health initiative aimed at reducing tobacco use and excessive consumption of harmful products. This approach is intended to decrease disease burden and provide sustainable funding for health and social programs.
